Salemba raya salemba and jl dipo negoro oranje boulevard, batavia 1925 contents 1. Global scenario ray r 1, kattimani s 2 and sharma h. The opium monopoly special edition by ellen lamotte nook. For example, between 1729 and 1839, beic exports of opium to china increased from tons to 2,558 tons respectively. Apr 19, 2014 raw opium from other areas, in particular the popular persian opium, was made by local factories and had varying quality. The pleasing book, fiction, history, novel, scientific research, as skillfully as various further sorts of books are readily available here. The opium wars, opium legalization, and opium consumption in china jeffrey a. The british east india company establishes a monopoly on the opium trade in india.
Order from chaos out with the old, in with the old. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Pending the action of congress, a few words on opium in the dutch east indies, next door to the philippines, may be. For 193435, cultivation area was evaluated as 480 square kilometres 190 sq mi with a yield of 1. Opium monopoly in british india opium was cultivated and consumed in india already in the eighth century when arab traders introduced the drug. You can also read the full text online using our ereader. Chinas takeover by communists, who now hold a monopoly of chinas expansive opium trade, followed the taiping and boxer rebellions and the revolution of sun yatsen and chiang kaichek. Memoir of dutch director in bengal at hugli, johannes bacheracht for his successor, j. Piazza department of political science, penn state university, university park, pennsylvania, usa contemporary terrorist movements in afghanistan are frequently alleged to be fueled, in part, by the countrys voluminous opium trade. In 1833, parliament brought an end to the monopoly of trade enjoyed by the east indian company with china and established free trade holt, 1964. Pdf opiate addiction and the entanglements of imperialism.
Lachryma papaveris is dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy papaver somniferum. Opium monopoly in india and indonesia in the eighteenth century volume 12 issue 1 om prakash. Fixed cultivation areas were set up in jehol and northwest kirin. The peasant production of opium in nineteenthcentury india is a pioneering work about the more than one million peasants who produced opium for the colonial state in nineteenthcentury india. It was grown for domestic consumption in the heartland of mughal india long before it was turned into a profitmaking export product of the european mercantile corporations. The opium, bought in bengal, was knocked down at public auction in batavia, wholesale, to the highest bidder, who received a license for the importation into. See all 28 formats and editions hide other formats and editions. See all 28 formats and editions hide other formats and. In 1729, rising opium use in china prompted an imperial edict that forbade the sale of opium for smoking purposes. I677 that honorable body made itself master of the opium monopoly for java, declining, however, at first to enter into the details of the retail trade. The monopoly generated profits of twenty to thirty million yen per year. Irans revolution, drug policies, and global drug markets vanda felbabbrown and bradley s. Starting with the bengal monopoly in 1773, the company gradually consolidated control and, in 1797, prohibited opium cultivation in their territories except under license.
Jun 16, 2015 the opium monopoly paperback june 16, 2015 by ellen n. The east india company obtained an opium monopoly in bengal in 1773 and in bombay in 1830. The name poppy is derived from latin meaning sleep inducing. Until taiwan was deprived of financial aid from tokyo in 1904, opium contributed from 23 per cent to 46 per cent of all revenue collected from the island every year. They argue that it is not harmfulif taken in moderation. Japans exploitation of opium in the manchunamanchukuo era, through secret societies, is detailed. The opium trade and patterns of terrorism in the provinces.
The illegal opium trade was a mere incident to the dispute. This book is available for free download in a number of formats including epub, pdf, azw, mobi and more. Chinas military defeats in these wars forced its rulers to sign treaties opening many ports to foreign trade. Opium and the politics of gangsterism in nationalist china. The arguments, however, which won the day in i824 against the opium farm did not affect the introduction of the opium regie in i902, coffee as a. While official chinese policy barred the opium trade in 1799, merchants welcomed the financial rewards. In november 1932 the mitsui zaibatsu conglomerate held a state monopoly for poppy farming with the declared intention of reducing its heavy local use.
In 1729, when the foreign import was 200 chests, the emperor yung ching issued the first anti opium edict, enacting severe penalties on the sale of opium and the opening of opium smoking divans. They even assert that it is no more objectionable than alcohol or tobacco. Leading people involved was qing emperor, lin zexu, captain elliot and queen victoria. Raw opium from other areas, in particular the popular persian opium, was made by local factories and had varying quality. Annotations of the author pawn shops, salt, opium 2. Significant causes of the opium war professor essays. In this way, the eic controlled opium production while leaving exportation to private. The company took control of opium production and established a state monopoly. The opium monopoly special edition by ellen lamotte. Their shares diminished over time and the monopoly of opium was effectively taken over by the eic. It was not established to provide the medical profession with a drug for the relief of pain, to ease the agony of the injured and wounded, or to calm the last days of those dying with an incurable disease. There are many people who advocate the use of opium, and who defend the policy of the opium monopoly. Opium in dutch eastindia, dirk teeuwen msc a government opium monopoly, called opium regie p.
The opium trade was very lucrative and was imperative in paying for the cost of imperialism in india. Opium revenues climbed steadily, and by 1938 accounted for 15 percent of all colonial tax revenuesthe highest in southeast asia. Based on a profound empirical analysis, rolf bauer not only shows that the peasants cultivated poppy against a substantial loss but he also. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 304k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. You may copy it, give it away or reuse it under the terms of the project gutenberg license included with this ebook or online at. Opium abuse and its management world health organization. American influence on the british decision to prohibit opium smoking and end its asian monopolies, 19391945. From the 1770s the company began heavier trade in canton, often trading opium for tea. Approximately 12 percent of opium is made up of the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for illegal drug trade. But the statesponsored creation of a monopoly, opium laws, and. On the basis of the political leverage available to them, the english were now in a position to coerce the producers. The importation, however, continued to increase, and by 1790 it amounted to over 4000 chests annually.
Enforcing an end of the opium trade lin zexu surrendering and destroying opium. With a near monopoly on opium, the british east india company beic achieved the highest profits from its export of indian opium to china. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise cambridge core to connect with your account. The east india company obtained an opium monopoly in bengal in 1773, and in 1830 the company added bombay opium to its sphere of control. This paper will focus on the time period of 18421880 with economic analysis from 18421858. The opium wars, opium legalization and opium consumption. Lamotte wrote six books based on her travels in asia, three of them explicitly dealing with the opium problem. Stridently percutaneous asphyxiation the opium monopoly. Directie, composed of a director one of the highest officials in. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the opium monopoly. Mughals introduce the habit of taking opium to indian soldiers. The opium monopoly, american journal of public health 11, no. The kmt opium monopoly schemes seriously antago nized chinese intellectuals and westerners whose support the nanjing regime sought.
K4, n4 abstract the effect of drug prohibition on drug consumption is a critical issue in debates over drug policy. The project gutenberg ebook, the opium monopoly, by ellen. In 1729, when the foreign import was 200 chests, the emperor yung ching issued the first antiopium edict, enacting severe penalties on the sale of opium and the opening of opiumsmoking divans. The opium wars of 1839 to 1842 and 1856 to 1860 marked a new stage in chinas relations with the west. Based on a profound empirical analysis, rolf bauer not only shows that the peasants cultivated poppy against a substantial loss but he also reveals how. On august 20, 1928, he organized the national opium suppression committee, under dr. Or how the opium problem is handled by the league of nations 1929.
Significant causes of the opium war however, this prosperity and balance of trade came under severe threat when britain. The opium trade and patterns of terrorism in the provinces of. Publication date 1920 topics opium trade publisher new york, macmillan collection robarts. Publication date 1920 topics opium trade publisher new york, macmillan. Tales of the orient 1919, opium monopoly 1920, ethics of opium 1922, snuffs and butters 1925 and opium in geneva. The paperback of the the opium monopoly by ellen n. The peasant production of opium in nineteenthcentury india. Winner of the 2019 michael mitterauerprize for best monograph the peasant production of opium in nineteenthcentury india is a pioneering work about the more than one million peasants who produced opium for the colonial state in nineteenthcentury india. Opium monopoly in british india the english conquest of bengal, initiated in 1757 with the defeat of the nawabs forces at the battle of plassey and completed in 1765 with the acquisition of diwani revenue collection rights, brought about a dramatic change in the situation. The opium monopoly right here, we have countless books the opium monopoly and collections to check out. Research on opium in colonial india has so far mainly focused on the competing malwa and bengal opium currents under the control of the sindia and holkar families and of the british east india company, respectively. The opium monopoly paperback june 16, 2015 by ellen n. Private merchants succumbed to the greed for fast and enormous profits. K 3 the opium poppy is botanically classified as papaver somniferum.
First, along with his 1 the first opium war was a conflict between the british empire and the. Chiang bowed to their demands and outlawed the sale, possession, transportation, and exportation of opiates. The opium wars, opium legalization and opium consumption in china. The opium war was a conflict between britain and china. In india it was not only legal but in the 1830s and 1840s opium from the british east india companys bengal opium monopoly was quite normally auctioned in calcutta and shipped to many places, for instance to the dutch in the east in. The opium trade and patterns of terrorism in the provinces of afghanistan. Opium monopoly in india and indonesia in the eighteenth.
The opium great britain s opium monopoly 3 is received and prepared at the government fac tories, where the outturn of the year included 8,774 chests of opium for the excise depart ment, about three hundred pounds of various opium alkaloids, thirty maunds of medical opium. The opium monopoly was not established for any humane or altruistic purpose. Opiate addiction and the entanglements of imperialism and patriarchy in manchukuo, 193245. In 1799, another edict prohibited importation rowntree, 1905, pp. We additionally manage to pay for variant types and plus type of the books to browse. Ship this item qualifies for free shipping buy online, pick.
1520 46 585 1258 431 50 344 1434 321 1518 772 120 6 1157 97 856 944 829 127 1571 1580 645 559 1224 1355 810 1292 637 883 1103 388 1401 593 394 254 1443